I read it in high school and it really expanded my mind in researching different types of philosophies. That quote I posted has always stuck with me and while I don't necessarily agree with Meursault's actions I can see why he felt the way he did and believed what he did.
I look at it more as a belief that a person is responsible for his path in life, not some higher being. Its really not very different than what Anton LaVey wrote about in his famous book.
Major K
"He guards the sleep of his pauper master as if he were a Prince." George Graham Vest
"We are alone, absolutely alone on this chance planet: and, amid all the forms of life that surround us, not one, excepting the dog, has made an alliance with us." - Maurice Maeterlinck